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Gravity Pipe Velocity Formula:
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The gravity pipe velocity formula calculates the velocity of fluid flowing through a pipe under gravity. It's derived from the principle of conservation of energy and is commonly used in hydraulic engineering and fluid mechanics.
The calculator uses the gravity pipe velocity formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the theoretical maximum velocity of fluid flowing under gravity, assuming no friction losses and ideal conditions.
Details: Accurate velocity calculation is crucial for designing gravity-fed water systems, irrigation systems, and drainage systems. It helps determine pipe sizing, flow rates, and system efficiency.
Tips: Enter head in meters and gravitational acceleration in m/s² (default is 9.81 m/s²). All values must be valid (head > 0, gravity > 0).
Q1: What is head in this context?
A: Head refers to the height difference between the water source and the point of discharge, representing the potential energy available to drive the flow.
Q2: Why is gravitational acceleration 9.81 m/s²?
A: 9.81 m/s² is the standard acceleration due to gravity at Earth's surface. This value may vary slightly depending on geographic location.
Q3: Does this formula account for friction losses?
A: No, this is the theoretical maximum velocity. Actual velocity will be lower due to pipe friction, bends, and other losses in real systems.
Q4: What are typical velocity values in gravity pipe systems?
A: Typical velocities range from 0.5-3 m/s, depending on the application. Higher velocities may cause erosion and increased friction losses.
Q5: Can this formula be used for any fluid?
A: Yes, the formula applies to any incompressible fluid flowing under gravity, though density effects are not considered in this simplified version.