1. What Is Statistical Significance?

Statistical significance helps determine if research findings are likely due to chance or represent true effects. The p-value quantifies this probability, with lower values indicating stronger evidence against the null hypothesis.

2. How Does The Calculator Work?

The calculator computes p-values using standard statistical distributions:

Where:

• \( Z \) — Standard normal test statistic
• \( \Phi \) — Cumulative distribution function of standard normal distribution
• For t-tests, the t-distribution is used with appropriate degrees of freedom

Explanation: The calculation determines the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

3. Importance Of P-Value Calculation

Details: Accurate p-value calculation is essential for hypothesis testing, determining statistical significance, and making informed decisions in research and data analysis.

4. Using The Calculator

Tips: Enter your test statistic value, select the appropriate test type (z-test or t-test), and provide degrees of freedom for t-tests. The calculator will compute the corresponding two-tailed p-value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What Is A Statistically Significant P-Value?
A: Typically, p-values less than 0.05 are considered statistically significant, indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis.

Q2: What's The Difference Between Z-Test And T-Test?
A: Z-tests are used when population variance is known or sample size is large, while t-tests are used when population variance is unknown and sample size is small.

Q3: When Should I Use A One-Tailed Vs Two-Tailed Test?
A: One-tailed tests are used when the research hypothesis specifies a direction, while two-tailed tests are used when any difference (in either direction) is of interest.

Q4: What Are The Limitations Of P-Values?
A: P-values don't measure effect size or importance, and they can be influenced by sample size. They should be interpreted alongside other statistical measures.

Q5: How Do I Interpret A P-Value Of 0.06?
A: A p-value of 0.06 suggests marginal significance but doesn't meet the conventional 0.05 threshold. It indicates a 6% chance of obtaining the observed results if the null hypothesis were true.